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STD diseases

STDs – sexually transmitted diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs or STIs) remain one of the main problems in the world health care. According to World Health Organization (WHO), more than 1 million new infections occur daily in the world, with a significant part of infections occurring in young people of reproductive age. in current reports European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and WHO emphasize the steady increase in the incidence of classical venereal infections (especially gonorrhea and syphilis), which is associated with a change in social habits and a decrease in the use of barrier contraception.

Below is an actual picture of the prevalence of the main pathogens and modern standards of their drug treatment.

Statistical Review (for 2026)

  • General scale: WHO estimates that about 340 million people aged 15 to 49 annually acquire curable and incurable STIs. Every sixth inhabitant of the planet at one point or another is transferred to a similar infection.
  • Growth in incidence in Europe and the world: According to epidemiological summaries, gonorrhea rates increased by more than 300% compared to the base values of the last decade, and the number of cases of syphilis has more than doubled.
  • Leader in terms of: Chlamydia holds the status of the most commonly recorded bacterial infection in most developed countries.

Basic STDs, Statistics and Modern Treatment

1. Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis)

  • What is it: The most common bacterial infection. Often proceeds hidden, destroying the epithelium of the genitourinary system and leading to infertility.
  • Treatment: Modern standards use tetracycline or macrolide antibiotics.
    • Drugs of choice: Azithromycin (once at a dose of 1 g) or doxycycline (100 mg 2 times a day in a course of 7 days).

2. gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)

  • What is it: Bacterial disease with acute inflammation of the mucous membranes. Global anxiety is noted due to the growth of multiple drug resistance of strains (Super-gonorrhea).
  • Treatment: Due to the resistance to old drugs, WHO recommends combination therapy.
    • Drugs of choice: Ceftriaxone (intramuscularly once in a high dosage) in combination with azithromycin orally.

3. Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

  • What is it: Systemic chronic venereal disease affecting the internal organs, skin, nervous system and bones.
  • Treatment: Pale treponema retains high sensitivity to penicillins.
    • Drugs of choice: Penicillin series preparations of prolonged action (for example, benzathine penicillin). For allergies, doxycycline or tetracycline is prescribed.

4. Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)

  • What is it: An infection caused by the simplest unicellular organism, accompanied by profuse secretions and itching.
  • Treatment:
    • Drugs of choice: Nitroimidazoles – metronidazole or tinidazole according to a special scheme (orally).

5. Human papilloma virus (HPV)

  • What is it: Viral lesion that causes the formation of genital warts and can provoke oncological processes (cervical cancer).
  • Treatment: the virus itself is not completely eliminated from the body; Therapy is aimed at removing manifestations and stimulating immunity.
    • Methods: Destructive methods (laser, radio wave or chemical removal of genital warts), antiviral and immunomodulatory local action gels. Prevention is vaccination.

6. Genital Herpes (HPG-2)

  • What is it: Viral disease, manifested by recurrent painful rashes on the skin and mucous membranes. It is not completely curable.
  • Treatment:
    • Drugs of choice: Synthetic nucleosides – acyclovir, valaciclovir or famciclovir (to stop acute episodes and as suppressive therapy in case of frequent relapses).

7. HIV infection

  • What is it: Severe viral disease that inhibits the immune system and leads to AIDS.
  • Treatment:
    • Drugs of choice: Lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) combining several groups of virusostatic drugs. It allows you to reduce the viral load to an undetectable level and stop the development of the disease.

General principles of effective therapy

  1. Simultaneous treatment of partners: Both sexual partners are required to undergo therapy, even if one of them does not have symptoms or negative tests (with high risks of infection).
  2. Refusal of sex: Sexual contacts are completely excluded for the entire period of treatment and before controlling the results of the tests.
  3. Laboratory control: 3-4 weeks after the completion of antibiotics, repeated diagnosis (usually by PCR) is carried out to confirm a complete cure.

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